Fiber optic link prototype

Researchers at GTRI Applying Photonics to Electronic Warfare Challenges

09.20.2016

Photonics, the technology that helps drive today’s telecommunications systems, offers major advances in the area of signal transmission. GTRI researchers are adapting optical techniques from the photonics telecom arena to enhance U.S. electronic warfare (EW) capabilities.

Optical approaches provide greatly increased frequency coverage and long distance low-loss transfer of analog signals when compared to traditional Radio Frequency (RF) systems, resulting in substantial performance improvements. Chip-scale integrated photonics also allows for the potential of extensive reductions in size, weight and power (SWaP) needs.

“U.S. warfighters may soon face adversary systems that use signals outside the traditional EW spectrum, which creates a need for broadband frequency responses beyond the capabilities of conventional RF and digital equipment,” said Chris Ward, a senior research engineer who leads GTRI's EW photonics development program.  “Photonic advances originating in the telecom world have given us the ability to provide EW, radar and other military systems with unique and advanced performance capabilities.”

Photonics technology uses photons – particles of light – to carry wideband signals used in communications, radar and other applications over optical fiber efficiently over large distances. Photonics-based systems transmit data with far less signal loss than conventional metallic conductors, and encounter little or no electromagnetic interference while propagating through fiber.

Moreover, optical technology can be described as “frequency agnostic” – meaning a fiber-optic cable can carry signals of virtually any RF frequency, given the constraints of the electrical-to-optical and optical-to-electrical conversion process. Electric, current-carrying cables of conventional RF and digital systems can only function within narrow bandwidths on the order of gigahertz (GHz). Most optical components operate with more than 1,000 times the bandwidth, on the order of terahertz (THz).

For example, Ward explained, a user needing to process signals over 100 gigahertz (GHz) of bandwidth can easily find an optical carrier that functions at a center frequency of 193 THz, meaning that only 0.05 percent of total system bandwidth is used. By contrast, RF components using metal conductors typically consume 10 percent to 20 percent of available bandwidth per signal.

“There is an enormous benefit to operating in the optical domain.” he said. “It is typically very difficult for digital and RF electronics to cover a large spectrum instantaneously – they have to switch between multiple components in order to cover a variety of bandwidths. The engineering challenges involved in extending these traditional approaches are becoming increasingly difficult in terms of costs, schedules and SWaP.  In contrast, the ability for a single optical component to perform its function over a large spectrum decreases system complexity and enables modular architectures that can be used to address future requirements.”

Today, Ward explained, sophisticated commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) photonic components, capable of cutting-edge data/signal transport, are widely available. GTRI researchers are using these devices in the development of novel EW architectures that have strong performance advantages.

Ward and his team have produced optical transceivers that can interface readily with existing digital or RF EW equipment. Employing novel photonic integrated circuits (PICs), researchers are building increased performance and flexibility into EW components. The team is currently focused on packaging PICs for integration into existing EW systems.

“There are several challenges in adapting photonics technology for highly specialized EW needs,” Ward said. “But the benefits in terms of the ability to effectively counter future threats, along with substantial cost reduction and greatly improved SWaP factors, make optical approaches highly promising for these applications.”

Newsletter

Sign up for monthly updates on GTRI’s research, activity, and more.

Related News

| News stories
At the 2025 Faculty and Staff Honors Luncheon, held recently at Georgia Tech’s Exhibition Hall, the Institute celebrated the achievements of its dedicated faculty and staff. Among the honorees were researchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI): Dr. Jud Ready and Dr. Comas Haynes.
| News stories
The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has appointed Mark Militello as its next Associate Vice President (AVP) of Finance and Research Administration/Chief Financial Officer (CFO), effective May 1, 2025. Militello will provide overall executive leadership of GTRI Finance and Research Administration (FRA), including oversight of all financial organizations within GTRI, and will be responsible for sponsored project administration, business operations, accounting, finance, budgeting, and audits. In this role, he will also serve as Treasurer of the Georgia Tech Applied Research Corporation (GTARC), a 501(c)(3) organization that supports research activities at Georgia Tech.
| News stories
Dr. Jud Ready, a Principal Research Engineer in the Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory (EOSL) at GTRI, was recently featured on Georgia Tech’s Generating Buzz podcast. Ready provided insights into the new "torpedo bat," a recent innovation adopted by several Major League Baseball players, notably members of the New York Yankees.